Saturday, May 23, 2020

Education In Foster Care - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 284 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Foster Care Essay Did you like this example? The groups of students are, on average, poor, non-white, and have disabilities), missing from current research is an understanding of whether poor education outcomes for foster youth are due to maltreatment and foster care placement or known academic at-risk factors. Findings indicate that for youth with a history of foster care placement, the impact associated child maltreatment and foster care placement comprises their ability to function and learn beyond noted education at-risk factors. Results: Findings indicate even after controlling for the association of noted education at-risk factors, foster youth were significantly less likely to achieve positive outcomes on the majority of education outcomes. Administrative child welfare and education data were merged to investigate education outcomes for youth with a foster care history in grades 8 to 12 in four California counties. Youth with a history of foster care placement were matched closely to general population students on a number of demographic factors. Ethnicity, disability status, and school quality school were a primary at-risk factor for all students. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Education In Foster Care" essay for you Create order Background/Current Paper: For youth with a history of foster care placement, the impact associated with challenges within the family environment and removal from home often compromises their ability to function and learn. Specifically, students were matched on gender, ethnicity, English Language Learner (ELL) Status, primary disability, National School Lunch Program (NSLP), district, and a measure of school quality. While past research suggests that characteristics of foster youth and at-risk groups identified in the federal Elementary and Secondary Education Act (No Child Left Behind) overlap (Compared to the closely matched group of students, foster youth were 6-26% less likely to achieve proficiency in CST ELA and math and 9-27% less likely to achieve success in English and math courses.

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Biography of Victoriano Huerta, President of Mexico

Victoriano Huerta (December 22, 1850–January 13, 1916) was a Mexican general who served as president and dictator of Mexico from February 1913 to July 1914. An important figure in the Mexican Revolution, he fought against Emiliano Zapata, Pancho Villa, Fà ©lix Dà ­az and other rebels before and during his time in office. Fast Facts: Victoriano Huerta Known For: President and dictator of Mexico, February 1913–July 1914Born: December 22, 1850 in barrio of Agua Gorda within the municipality of Colotlà ¡n, JaliscoParents: Jesà ºs Huerta Cà ³rdoba and Marà ­a Là ¡zara del Refugio Mà ¡rquezDied: January 13, 1916 in El Paso, TexasEducation: Military College of ChapultepecSpouse: Emilia à guila Moya (m. November 21, 1880)Children: Nine A brutal, ruthless fighter, during his reign the alcoholic Huerta was widely feared and despised by his foes and supporters alike. Eventually driven from Mexico by a loose coalition of revolutionaries, he spent a year and a half in exile before dying of cirrhosis in a Texas prison. Early Life Victoriano Huerta was born Josà © Victoriano Huerta Mà ¡rquez on December 22, 1850, the only son and eldest of five children of peasant farmer Jesà ºs Huerta Cà ³rdoba and and his wife Marà ­a Là ¡zara del Refugio Mà ¡rquez. They lived in the barrio of Agua Gorda within the municipality of Colotlà ¡n, Jalisco. His parents were of Huichol (Wixà ¡ritari) ethnicity, and although Jesà ºs Huerta was said to be partly of European descent (mestizo), Victoriano considered himself indigenous. Victoriano Huerta was taught to read and write by the village priest, and he was said to have been a good student. By the time he was a teenager, Huerta earned money as a bookkeeper in Colotlà ¡n. He wanted to join the military, and sought admission to the Military College of Chapultepec. In 1871, General Donato Guerra, leader of the Mexican army at the time, led a garrison of troops into Colotlà ¡n. Needing secretarial help, Guerra was introduced to Huerta who impressed him greatly. When Guerra left the city, he took Huerta with him, and at the age of 17, Huerta entered the military academy in January of 1872. There he took classes to become an artillery officer, specializing in mathematics, mountain gunnery, topography, and astronomy. He was an outstanding student, and made second lieutenant by December 1875. Early Military Career Huerra first saw military action while at the academy, when he participated in the Battle of Tecoac fought on November 16, 1876 between then-president Sebastià ¡n Lerdo de Tejada and Porfirio Diaz. As a member of the army, he fought for the president and was thus on the losing side, but the battle brought Porforio Diaz to power, the man who would he would serve for the next 35 years. When he graduated from the academy in 1877, Huerta was one of three men chosen to continuing his education in Germany, but his father died and he elected to stay in Mexico. He joined the engineering branch of the army and was given assignments for repairing military institutions in Veracruz and Puebla. By 1879 he was promoted to Captain, and acted as engineer and quartermaster. At the end of 1880, he was promoted to Major. While in Veracruz, Huerta had met Emilia à guila Moya, and they married on November 21, 1880: they would eventually have nine children. In January 1881,Porfirio Dà ­az assigned Huerta special duty on the Geographic Survey Commission, headquartered in Jalapa, Veracruz. Huerta spent the next decade working with that commission, traveling all over the country on engineering assignments. In particular he was assigned to astronomical work, and one of the projects under his direct supervision was the observation of the Transit of Venus in December 1882. Huerta also supervised surveying work for the Mexican National Railway. A Military Force Huertas technological and intellectual uses in the army took on a more aggressive stance in the mid-1890s. In 1895, he was sent to Guerrero, where the military had risen against the governor. Diaz sent troops in, and among them was Victoriano Huerta, who there gained a reputation as an able field officer: but also as a man who gave no quarter, who continued to slaughter rebels after they had surrendered. Proving to be an effective leader of men and a ruthless fighter, he became a favorite of Porfirio Dà ­az. By the turn of the century, he rose to the rank of general. Dà ­az tasked him with the suppression of Indian uprisings, including a bloody campaign against the Maya in the Yucatan in which Huerta razed villages and destroyed crops. In 1901, he also fought the Yaquis in Sonora. Huerta was a heavy drinker who preferred brandy: according to Pancho Villa, Huerta would start drinking when he woke up and go all day. The Revolution Begins General Huerta was one of Dà ­az most trusted military leaders when hostilities broke out after the 1910 election. The opposition candidate, Francisco I. Madero, had been arrested and later fled into exile, proclaiming revolution from safety in the United States. Rebel leaders such as Pascual Orozco, Emiliano Zapata, and Pancho Villa heeded the call, capturing towns, destroying trains and attacking federal forces whenever and wherever they found them. Huerta was sent to reinforce the city of Cuernavaca, under attack by Zapata, but the old regime was under assault from all sides, and Dà ­az accepted Maderos offer to go into exile in May of 1911. Huerta escorted the old dictator to Veracruz, where a steamer was waiting to take Dà ­az into exile in Europe. Huerta and Madero Although Huerta was bitterly disappointed by the fall of Dà ­az, he signed up to serve under Madero. For a while in 1911–1912 things were relatively quiet as those around him took the measure of the new president. Things soon deteriorated, however, as Zapata and Orozco figured out that Madero was unlikely to keep certain promises he had made. Huerta was first sent south to deal with Zapata and then north to fight Orozco. Forced to work together against Orozco, Huerta and Pancho Villa found that they despised one another. To Villa, Huerta was a drunk and martinet with delusions of grandeur, and to Huerta, Villa was an illiterate, violent peasant who had no business leading an army. The Decena Trà ¡gica In late 1912 another player entered the scene: Fà ©lix Dà ­az, nephew of the deposed dictator, declared himself in Veracruz. He was quickly defeated and captured, but in secret, he entered into a conspiracy with Huerta and American ambassador Henry Lane Wilson to get rid of Madero. In February 1913 fighting broke out in Mexico City and Dà ­az was released from prison. This kicked off the Decena Trà ¡gica, or â€Å"tragic fortnight,† which saw horrible fighting in the streets of Mexico City as forces loyal to Dà ­az fought the federals. Madero holed up inside the national palace and foolishly accepted Huertas â€Å"protection† even when presented with evidence that Huerta would betray him. Huerta Rises to Power Huerta, who had been fighting with Madero, abruptly changed sides and arrested Madero on February 17. He made Madero and his vice president resign: the Mexican Constitution listed the Secretary of Foreign Relations as the next in succession. That man, Pedro Lasurain, took the reins, named Huerta as Minister of the Interior and then resigned, making Huerta Secretary of Foreign Relations. Madero and Vice-President Pino Suarez were killed on February 21, supposedly while â€Å"attempting to escape.† No one believed it: Huerta had obviously given the order and hadnt even gone to much trouble with his excuse. Once in power, Huerta disowned his fellow conspirators and attempted to make himself dictator in the mold of his old mentor, Porfirio Dà ­az. Carranza, Villa, Obregà ³n and Zapata Although Pascual Orozco quickly signed on, adding his forces to the federalists, the other revolutionary leaders were united in their hatred of Huerta. Two more revolutionaries appeared: Venustiano Carranza, governor of the State of Coahuila, and Alvaro Obregà ³n, an engineer who would become one of the revolutions best field generals. Carranza, Obregà ³n, Villa and Zapata could not agree on much, but they all despised Huerta. All of them opened fronts on the federalists: Zapata in Morelos, Carranza in Coahuila, Obregà ³n in Sonora and Villa in Chihuahua. Although they did not work together in the sense of coordinated attacks, they were still loosely united in their heartfelt desire that anyone but Huerta should rule Mexico. Even the United States got in on the action: sensing that Huerta was unstable, President Woodrow Wilson sent forces to occupy the important port of Veracruz. The Battle of Zacatecas In June 1914, Pancho Villa moved his massive force of 20,000 soldiers to attack the strategic city of Zacatecas. The Federals dug in on two hills overlooking the city. In a day of intense fighting, Villa captured both hills and the federal forces were forced to flee. What they didnt know was that Villa had stationed part of his army along the escape route. The fleeing federals were massacred. When the smoke had cleared, Pancho Villa had scored the most impressive military victory of his career and 6,000 federal soldiers were dead. Exile and Death Huerta knew his days were numbered after the crushing defeat at Zacatecas. When word of the battle spread, federal troops defected in droves to the rebels. On July 15, Huerta resigned and left for exile, leaving Francisco Carbajal in charge until Carranza and Villa could decide how to proceed with the government of Mexico. Huerta moved around while in exile, living in Spain, England, and the United States. He never gave up hope for a return to rule in Mexico, and when Carranza, Villa, Obregà ³n and Zapata turned their attention to one another, he thought he saw his chance. Reunited with Orozco in New Mexico in mid-1915, he began to plan his triumphant return to power. They were caught by US federal agents, however, and never even crossed the border. Orozco escaped only to be hunted down and shot by Texas rangers. Huerta was imprisoned for inciting rebellion. He died in prison at El Paso, Texas, on January 13, 1916, of cirrhosis, although there were rumors that the Americans had poisoned him.​ Legacy of Victoriano Huerta There is little to be said that is positive about Huerta. Even before the revolution, he was a widely despised figure for his ruthless repression of native populations all over Mexico. He consistently took the wrong side, defending the corrupt Porfirio Dà ­az regime before conspiring to bring down Madero, one of the few true visionaries of the revolution. He was an able commander, as his military victories prove, but his men did not like him and his enemies absolutely despised him. He did manage one thing that no one else ever did: he made Zapata, Villa, Obregà ³n and Carranza work together. These rebel commanders only ever agreed on one thing: Huerta should not be president. Once he was gone, they began fighting one another, leading to the worst years of the brutal revolution. Even today, Huerta is hated by Mexicans. The bloodshed of the revolution has been largely forgotten and the different commanders have taken on legendary status, much of it undeserved: Zapata is the ideological purist, Villa is the Robin Hood bandit, Carranza a quixotic chance for peace. Huerta, however, is still considered (accurately) to be a violent, drunk sociopath who needlessly lengthened the period of the revolution for his own ambition and is responsible for the death of thousands. Sources Coerver, Don M. Huerto, Victoriano (1845–1916). Mexico: An Encyclopedia of Contemporary Culture and History. Eds. Coerver, Don M., Suzanne B. Pasztor and Robert Buffington. Santa Barbara, California: ABC Clio, 2004. 220–22. Print.Henderson, Peter V.N. Woodrow Wilson, Victoriano Huerta, and the Recognition Issue in Mexico. The Americas 41.2 (1984): 151–76. Print.Marley, David F. Huerta Marquez, Jose Victoriano (1850–1916). Mexico at War: From the Struggle for Independence to the 21st-Century Drug Wars. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio, 2014. 174–176.McLynn, Frank. Villa and Zapata: A History of the Mexican Revolution. New York: Basic Books, 2002.  Meyer, Michael C. Huerta: A Political Portrait. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press 1972.Rausch, George J. The Early Career of Victoriano Huerta. The Americas 21.2 (1964): 136-45. Print..Richmond, Douglas W. Victoriano Huerta in Encyclopedia of Mexico. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997. 655–658.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

What Brought to the French Revolution Free Essays

Loreen Jill Ramirez Catubay 12 September 2010 HSS1C. 01 Miss. Erickson FRENCH REVOLUTION DBQ â€Å"The French Revolution. We will write a custom essay sample on What Brought to the French Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now † What pops up in your head? Probably a plethora of ideas. Images of riots, nobles, monarchy and such. So many mistakes and so many achievements has come out of the French Revolution. Many failed policies, laws and many inspirational and influential ideas has come of the French Revolution. The important causes of the French Revolution has changed France. The French Revolution had many causes which lead to the outbreak of the revolution such as heavy taxes, extreme poverty and the ideas of the Enlightenment. During Arthur Young’s travel through France from 1787 to 1789 he stated â€Å"There is an injustice levying on the amount of each person must pay† (Document 1). One Cause that brought of the French Revolution is the inequality of the levy and taxes on the among the 3 estates. The first estate which is the body of all people ordained for religious duties most commonly in the Christian Church was called the â€Å"Clergy†. The Clery had no taxes on them but they, The Clergy could collect tithes or taxes from people who are living on churches land. The Clergy owned 10% of the countries land but shockingly the Clergy consist of 1% of the countries population. The second estate which is known as belonging to a hereditary class with high social or political status is called the â€Å"Nobles†. The Nobles had very few taxes on them while they collected taxes and rents from peasants while the peasants worked for both higher classes, the first estates and the second estate. The second estate, Nobles consisted of only 2% of the population but owned 35% of the countries land. Last but not least, This brings us to the third estate of peasants. Peasants are either Middles class, peasants or city workers. These people consisted of 97% of the countries population. They owned only 55% of the land. The third estate was treated very unfairly in both land and taxes. Peasants earned the least but paid the most taxes. This made them very mad about the injustice of the heavy levying as stated in the quote. During the Arthur Young’s stay in France he has observed a lot of things about France as a country. Arthur Young stated on September 5,1788 that, â€Å"The poor people seem very poor indeed. The children are terribly ragged† (Document 1). Due to the heavy taxes on the peasants who work the longest and hardest jobs yet earn the least they had very little money lift for themselves and their families. Arthur Young also noticed that , â€Å"The price of bread has risen above the people’s ability to pay†. The people were so poor that they did not even have enough money to buy bread for themselves to eat while the people in the first and second estate were eating steaks, cakes and many luxurious foods. This situation of unfairness and inequality made the peasants anger towards the other estates and the monarchy grow. Historian Albert Mathiez claims that leadership fell into the middle class in which he stated that, â€Å"The middle class†¦.. was sensitive to their inferior legal position. The Revolution came from them-the middle class. They were just beginning to learn to read† (Document 4). Through this the middle class gained knowledge and ideas of the Enlightenment. They became philosophers. They started to believe and realized many things. Voltaire believed in freedom of speech but gone thrown in jail for making fun of a rich baron. This made the rest of the citizens to wonder about what they could say and why weren’t they allowed to talk about whatever they wanted?. John Locke was a believer of natural rights from birth and is famous for his writings on rights of life, liberty and property. His writings made people have an â€Å"oh yeah! why NOT?! † moment and questioned their rights and the other estates rights deciding that this was unfair and unjust. These people started to believe and agree with what these philosophers thought than what the king or the clergy thought. The 3 situations that helped caused the revolution. Heavy taxes were unjust as the peasants who earned the least, paid the most taxes while the other estates lived a luxurious life. The extreme famine which of left the peasants stomach digesting in nothing but anger towards the onarchy while the higher estates had tea parties and buffets and ideas of the Enlightenment which opened the eyes of many others about how much unfairness, inequality and injustice they have been treated with and that this was not tolerable as they philosophers encouraged them for they believed that everyone should have rights, liberty and freedom. The citizens years of suffering, inequality, injustice, unfairness and ang er were the causes that had lead to the French Revolution. How to cite What Brought to the French Revolution, Papers

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Coming of Age Story free essay sample

Jane Eyre, is a coming of age story, about a young, orphaned, and submissive girl growing up, through many hardships, into a young, passionate, and free willed woman. Charlotte Bronte begins the story with a ten-year-old Jane Eyre living with an impartial and sometimes cruel aunt, Aunt Reed. Aunt Reed, after neglecting Jane for the whole of her life, finally decides to send her away to boarding school, to Lowood School. Upon her departure, Jane expresses a measure of autonomy and agency, the first of many episodes in which she â€Å"gathered her energies and launched them in this blunt sentence – ‘I am not deceitful; if I were, I should say I loved you; but I declare I do not love you† (pg. 30). Here Jane, after living so many years in silence, makes a choice to stand up for herself, by letting Mrs. Reed know her true feelings about how she has been treated thus far; she is in a state of self-governing. Jane Eyre continues to fight for autonomy and agency – through her departure from Lowood to Thornfield, in her growing relationship with Mr. Rochester, and then through her decision to leave behind Thornfield and Mr. Rochester, and finally to go back – as she matures, and evolves from a child into a woman. The next time Jane exercises autonomy and agency, she is eighteen, and longing to see something of the world other than Lowood. â€Å"I went to my window, opened it, and looked out [†¦] all within their boundary of rock and heath seemed prison-ground, exile limits. I traced the white road winding [†¦] how I longed to follow it further† (72). Jane has now spent eight years in this school (prison), presently working as a teacher, and is desperate for a change. She knows that her lack of fortune and social class weaken her options; and so she comes to the conclusion that she should take up a new position elsewhere. As she looks out her window upon the now unsuitable Lowood she cries â€Å"then [†¦] grant me at least a new servitude† (72). The term â€Å"servitude† means a condition in which one lacks liberty to determine one’s own course of action. Jane feels as though she is trapped and wants very badly to be able to control her own destiny, so she begins to think of a way around this obstacle. That state of self-governing has returned. She then continues to reason with her free will, â€Å"I have served here eight years; now all I want is to serve elsewhere. Can I not get so much of my own will? Is not the thing feasible? Yes—yes† (73). Is it â€Å"feasible†, possible, for Jane to obtain control of her own destiny? Jane soon demonstrates autonomy and agency when she proves that it is â€Å"feasible†, by putting an ad in the local paper and accepting a new position at Thornfield Hall. She wanted something, and then expressed autonomy and agency by taking the steps to get it. Jane has taken this new understanding, that she can find ways to control the outcome of her life, into her future at Thornfield Hall. The first half of her life has been somewhat monotonous and barren, but as she settles into her new life at Thornfield, Jane begins to come by some happiness as she forms a relationship with Mr. Rochester, her employer. Their relationship grows through a series of conversations, and Mr. Rochester plays mind games to lure out Jane’s feelings for him. Eventually Jane cannot hold in her passions any longer, and exclaims, â€Å"Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? †¦] I have as much soul as you,—and full as much heart [†¦] just as if both had passed through the grave, and stood at God’s feet, equal,—as we are† (216). In this passage she expresses another episode of autonomy and agency as she stresses to Mr. Rochester that though they may not be â€Å"equal† in social status, they are â€Å"equal† in thought and feelings. â€Å"Equal† is a term marked by justice, honesty, and bias, and something that everyone is entitled to. Jane Eyre is letting Mr. Rochester know that she is entitled to be happy, and that she finds her happiness in him. Upon this exclamation, and her fearlessness to express her sentiments, Jane and Rochester get engaged, and Jane, once again, gets what she wants by having taken action. Jane’s comfort at Thornfield and with Rochester and her rising level of maturity start to bring out more frequent episodes of autonomy and agency, with ease. The next episode rises within a few days of the last, when Jane strives to maintain her identity with Rochester. Mr. Rochester wants to dress her in new clothes and Jewelry, â€Å"I will make the world acknowledge you a beauty too [†¦] Jane in satin and lace,† he says (221). In reply, Jane says, â€Å"And then you won’t know me, sir; and I shall not be your Jane Eyre any longer† (221). Earlier in the novel Jane had no other option but to be a governess, and so to better her situation she chose to find a new location, other than Lowood, for her â€Å"servitude†, and ended up at Thornfield, where she has ultimately fallen in love with Mr. Rochester. Ironically Jane is now in a position where she has the capability to get anything she wants, but she wants nothing, but to be herself. Autonomy and agency are apparent in her decision to not change; Jane seems to know who she is – a sign of maturity. â€Å"I will be myself. Mr. Rochester, you must neither expect nor exact anything celestial of me – for you will not get it† (221). Jane will not have anyone hold expectations or â€Å"exact†, to call for forcibly, to alter her identity. Mr. Rochester fell in love with Jane Eyre the governess and so that is who he will get. Because Jane has formed her identity, and is so decidedly against altering it, she was forced to express autonomy and agency again, when she was obligated to leave Mr. Rochester. Jane could not marry him because he was already married to another woman; and when asked if she would live as a kept woman with him, she replied, â€Å"Mr. Rochester I will not be yours† (269); and when he says, â€Å"It would not be wicked to love me,† she says, â€Å"It would to obey you† (269). The word â€Å"obey† is strong in this passage; to â€Å"obey†, to comply with what Mr. Rochester proposed would be against her moral standards, and the respect she has for herself. Autonomy and agency is to â€Å"obey† oneself. Jane is becoming more and more defined as a woman; she has set certain standards for herself, of how she would be treated by others, how she would treat herself, and moral independence and repeatedly sticks to them. She is once again in a state self-governing, and trying to preserve her integrity, a showcasing of autonomy and agency. And when Rochester asks, â€Å"Who in the world cares for you? † she replies, â€Å"I care for myself† (270). Jane leaves and finds herself, once more, in a relationship with another man, though of a different kind. Her next episode of autonomy and agency comes about, when she claims her position in the relationship as of friends, brother and sister, rather than partners, husband and wife. St. John, the man who has helped physically and financially rescue her, and in doing so, become her good friend, asks for her hand in marriage out of practicality, not love. Possessing love in a relationship is one of those standards Jane repeatedly sticks to; she is friends with St. John, and so she does love him, but she is not in love with him, and so therefore her autonomy and agency will not allow her to marry him. She tells him, â€Å"I will be your curate, if you like, but never your wife† (352). She declares she will be a friend and a â€Å"curate†, clergy assistant, but never his wife, because she does not love him in any other way. God did not give me my life to throw away; and to do as you wish me would, I begin to think, be almost equivalent to committing suicide† (352). Jane is exercising her moral independence and free will – autonomy and agency; and to not do so, to her, would be equivalent to being dead. With this revelation, Jane realizes that she would throw away her life no longer and, dares to go back to Rochester. â€Å"I broke from St. John [†¦] It was my time to assume ascendancy. My powers were in play, and in force [†¦] I desired him (St. John) to leave me. He obeyed at once. Where there is energy to command well enough, obedience never fails† (358). Notice the term â€Å"obey† and â€Å"obedience† again; Jane fights to only â€Å"obey† her own law – she is master of herself; and because of her assuredness, she can demand the â€Å"obedience† of others. The words â€Å"my† are italicized to emphasize this empowerment. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane has really developed as a character and person, and is now a self-governing woman, rather than a submissive child that is just set aside as though she were an object rather than a human being; and this degree of womanhood has not come about without a fight. Jane Eyre’s episodes of autonomy and agency were a battle for her to gain and define her identity and to have the confidence to assert herself and her decisions. They have worked hand-in-hand with her coming of age and growing maturity level; as she learned to express herself more fully she matured, and as she matured she found it easier to express herself more fully. This has resulted in well-rounded, complete, and happy woman. She had to find herself before going back to Rochester. The idea that one must know themselves before successfully being in an intimate relationship with another person is an expression of autonomy and agency, because one must be able to govern themselves before one can govern anything else. Jane’s parting words to St. John are an example of this; as stated in the previous paragraph, because of her assuredness in her identity, she can demand the â€Å"obedience† of others. One must know what they want before they can ask for it. Jane now knows that what she wants is Edward Rochester.