The Story of Qin Ju and Ermo

Presentation The paper is an examination of two significant movies, ‘The Story of Qin Ju’ discharged in 1992 and ‘Ermo’ discharged in 1994. It is significant that both the movies are of Chinese foundation. The two are under the class satire dramatization films coordinated Zhang Yimou (The tale of Qin Ju) and Zhou Xiaowen (Ermo).Advertising We will compose a custom research project test on The Story of Qin Ju and Ermo explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The two movies have two female heroes creating various topics just as different characters. Concerning ‘The story of Qin Ju’, the primary on-screen character Qin Ju in spite of the fact that she is eager and she was in her last trimester couldn't burry her head in the sand subsequent to seeing her better half kicked a few times in the crotch. She chose to visit the town and face the bureaucratic arrangement of equity in her city. Through a few intrigue, Qin Ju made sure about eq uity. In any case, when she was going to convey, she encountered some inconvenience. Her spouses proceeded to wake the town head who later spared her life as Qin Ju was taken to the medical clinic and securely conveyed an infant kid. Authorities went to the town and took a x-beam of Qin Ju spouse which later indicated that he had a messed up rib. The headman was brought to prison for a time of fifteen days. Her endeavors of attempting to obstruct this didn't yield any organic product. Ermo then again is about a Chinese lady, Ermo who is persevering. Since her better half who was a main experiences a wellbeing inconvenience that keep him from undertaking any important obligations, she is answerable for dealing with him and their youngster by selling noodles. Anyway Ermo is in a type of rivalry and envious with her neighbor who has a TV albeit no youngster. This implies each other kid including Ermo’s child would wish to be in that family. Thus she went an additional mile worki ng outside her town with the goal that she could bear the cost of the greatest TV at any point found in the town. Her journey of claiming such a TV has destroyed her family. In a perfect world, the way of life of Chinese individuals is being washed away by westernization.Advertising Looking for research project on workmanship and structure? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Similarities between the heroes A basic examination of these two movies obviously leaves the watcher with certain rates that are like both the heroes; Qin Ju and Ermo. Above all else, both the entertainers are completely playing out the obligations of a lady dependent on the Chinese culture. We are told for example from the beginning that Qin Ju was not just living with her significant other and their dad yet in addition with her sister. This is a reasonable sign that she played out her obligations as a lady to guarantee that the bond between relatives is solid. Also, it is obvious enough that she is playing out her obligations as a lady when she was pregnant for her significant other. So also, Ermo follows up on the comparative situation as Qin Ju. This is exemplified by the way that since her significant other who was a town head became ill and couldn't accomplish any important work, she took the mantle and drew in herself in selling noodles so she could deal with her family. Her family comprised the weak spouse and their solitary child. As per Chinese culture, it is uncommon to see a lady purchasing medication for her better half which Ermo does. This delineates the affection and care she has to her family. The equivalent is likewise the situation with Qin Ju who went as far as possible attempting to guarantee that her husband’s case is sufficiently taken care of. Anyway it is very odd for the ladies to take jobs that are saved for men for example giving and dealing with the family (Ermo) and battling for equity as on accou nt of Qin Ju. In my view, both female heroes delineate the new period of China. Albeit both are ladies who should accept obligations and obligations that pick to accommodate their sex, they went and additional mile in guaranteeing that equity is served and the family gains material things; that is for Qin Ju and Ermo individually. We see that Qin Ju battled such a great amount to guarantee that equity is accomplished for her significant other who was kicked pitilessly on the crotch by the town headman. She was resolved to take the torment and chiding gave her husband’s case is blessed to receive her fulfillment; this is notwithstanding the way that she was pregnant and was going to deliver.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Story of Qin Ju and Ermo explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ermo mirrors the new China delineated by the budgetary freedom and strengthening she has this fills the job of old China which is spoken to by her weak spouse who was at one time a boss. The primary concern while considering these two characters is that they are resolved and are extremely dedicated. Also the two heroes originate from a poor foundation. This I mean regarding funds. For example when Qin Ju was heading out to the city she needed to sell on a few event dried hot pepper with the goal that they could raise transport admission. Correspondingly, Ermo who was fixated on the longing to purchase a major TV had no cash and she was constrained to keep selling her noodles outside her town. I can likewise say that the two ladies displayed elevated expectations of ethical quality. There is no occurrence that Qin Ju has been appeared to participate in extra conjugal undertakings or lack of regard her significant other. On a similar note, in spite of the fact that Ermo spouse was weak because of affliction, she didn't surrender to the lewd gestures she got from the ‘Blind man’. In a perfect world the two female her oes are vehicle of progress (political, social and social) that China will involvement with future. Contrasts between the heroes Although there are likenesses between the two primary on-screen characters of the movies; there are a few contrasts between them. One such contrast is with respect to what drove their activity. For Ermo, it is clear that it was desirous that drove her to obtain a TV that is tremendous and over the top expensive for her family. Watchers comprehend that her journey to purchase a TV is absolutely because of her neighbor getting one. This leaves Ermo to be viewed as a realist and desirous individual. This leaves her to be marked a covetous individual since it is reputed that the TV she needs to purchase is costly to the point that even the nation chief can't bear. Then again, Qin Ju battle for equity is absolutely guided by foul play never really spouse by the town headman. She believes this to be raunchy and against essential human rights and she accepts that on the off chance that nothing is done, at that point a similar will rehash itself in future.Advertising Searching for research paper on craftsmanship and plan? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Essentially, it is significant that the activities of the two lead to various results. For example, the longing of Ermo to go to the city and take part in exercises that will win her more cash has endangered her relationship with her family. Then again, the connection between Qin Ju and her family has for sure become more grounded. This is on the grounds that her significant other has understood that she thinks about him so much that she looked for equity for him through the correct way. It merits referencing that while Ermo didn't get the fulfillment she wanted Qin Ju was by the day's end fulfilled. In any case, she couldn't keep the police from bringing the town head to prison for fifteen days as she accepted he was the person who spared her life that portentous night when she was in the process of giving birth torments. There are a few contrasts between these female heroes in the movies, from my own examination the character Qiu Ju from the film The Story of Qiu Ju, is open minded and steady, while Ermo, from the film Ermo isn't lenient yet hurried and over aspiring. The open minded nature of Qiu Ju is depicted in the film from the second her significant other was harmed by the political pioneer. She selects to follow her heart along these lines guarantee that her requests are dealt with therefore giving her feeble spouse the best possible treatment that she could ever offer to him, this is the point at which she promised to the lawmaker that she will indict him for his activity. While Ermo is bigoted when she leads her exercises because of rivalry and pride, this is the point at which she said to Blindman that she will purchase a greater TV set than his and it will be the jealousy of the town. End From the audit of the two movies; the narrative of Qin Ju and Ermo, it is clear that they are Chinese parody dramatization films. The story line is about Chinese ladies who are endeavoring to make the lives of their families’ better one by battling for equi ty while the other planned for getting material things, TV set. It is important that the two female heroes share a great deal practically speaking for example they are dedicated, decided just as being the substance of progress in China. In any case, they do show contrasts for example Ermo is materialistic while Qin Ju isn't, the main thrust for their activities are entirely unexpected as Ermo is driven by envy and avarice while Qin Ju is driven by the craving to battle for equity. Works Cited Ermo. Dir. Zhou Xiaown. Push. Chen Kunming Jimmy Tan. DVD. Sony Pictures Classics, 1994. The Story of Qin Ju. Dir. Yimou Zhang. Nudge. Yiting Feng Kwok mama Fung. DVD. Sony Pictures Classics, 1992. This research paper on The Story of Qin Ju and Ermo was composed and put together by client Kieran Sloan to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Free Essays on Drugs

The territory of Illinois, explicitly the Chicago zone, is the point of convergence for the progression of illegal medications into the Great Lakes Region. Chicago is the significant center for the conveyance and transshipment of medications all through the Great Lakes Region and the Midwest. Three significant sorts of dealing bunches are liable for the greater part of the medications in Illinois. Mexican polydrug associations, Colombian medication associations dealing in cocaine and heroin, and Nigerian gatherings dealing in Southeast Asian heroin are the significant transporters and discount wholesalers of medications in Chicago. The most widely recognized methods dealers use to ship drugs into Chicago are business trucks, traveler vehicles, bundle conveyance administrations, air bundles or messengers, and railroads. Sorted out road posses, for example, the Gangster Disciples, Vice Lords, and Latin Kings control the dissemination and retail of cocaine, heroin, and cannabis. Rough w rongdoing related with road packs, while declining in some urban regions, is expanding in rural and rustic territories of the state as these posses extend their medication markets. Medication use influences the human life form in a few different ways. A division can be made between psychoactive impacts, for example, changes in discernment, perception, influence, and levels of nervousness or restraint. Physical impacts like expanded or lessened heart work, lung capacity and muscle pressure. It is essentially the previous impacts, which make drugs alluring, and are a significant purpose behind their utilization. A portion of the physical impacts improved or suffering real execution from energizers, muscle unwinding or rest from sedatives. These psychoactive and physical impacts are affected by the portion, organization mode, mental or state of being of the customer, and the social condition where medications are taken. A large number of the physical impacts are named in light of the fact that t... Free Essays on Drugs Free Essays on Drugs War on Drugs.† 1.) I have reprimanded President Nixon’s, â€Å"War on Drugs† both ethically and on expediential grounds. Do we reserve the option to prevent a person from turning into a someone who is addicted? Power, immediate or aberrant, ought not be permitted to forestall a person’s decision to ingest medications or liquor. The moral blemish in the war on drugs is like liquor restriction. 2.) In the medication game, neither the willing purchaser or the willing vender wants to report a wrongdoing. This reality makes witnesses important. Sources and the gigantic measures of money included prompts defilement, infringement of social liberties, coercive section, and relinquishment of property without fair treatment. 3.) Today, eight fold the number of individuals are imprisoned than were in 1970. The main hotspot for the over the top jail development is the war on drugs. 4.) Sher Hosonko points out the way that we prison 3,109 dark men for each 100,000. 5.) The downtowns have a favorable position for selling drugs. In this manner, more sellers live in the downtowns. Shots regularly fly when contentions between rival street pharmacists happen. At last, slugs fly on the grounds that the medication exchange is unlawful. 6.) When medications are illicit it makes costs take off and quality to decrease. Clients must keep up a relationship with a criminal to flexibly their medication propensity. A junkie who needs treatment needs to confess to being a criminal before getting treatment. 7.) According to the Federal Health and Human Services Department, 66% of all in critical condition disease patients didn't get sufficient agony medicine. This genuine clinical shamefulness is legitimately connected to pressures set on doctors who recommend drugs. 8.) Our war on drugs has subverted the security of outside governments. It has prompted a large number of passings just as monetary misfortune in these equivalent nations. 9.) Can an arrangement be good on the off chance that it prompts debasement, prison, prejudice, annihilates downtowns, unleashes devastation on misinformed people and... Free Essays on Drugs Most Americans would prefer not to spend rare open assets imprisoning peaceful pot wrongdoers, at an expense of $23,000 every year. Government officials must reexamine our nation's needs and append more significance to battling brutal wrongdoing than focusing on pot smokers. Pot disallowance costs citizens at any rate $7.5 billion yearly. This is a gigantic misuse of rare government dollars that ought to be utilized to target savage wrongdoing. Pot disallowance makes no special case for the clinical utilization of pot. The countless genuinely sick Americans who by and by use cannabis as a helpful specialist to lighten side effects of malignant growth, AIDS, glaucoma, or various sclerosis chance capture and prison to acquire and utilize their medicine. Somewhere in the range of 1978 and 1996, 34 states passed laws perceiving weed's helpful worth. Most as of late, voters in two states Arizona and California passed laws considering the clinical utilization of weed under a doctor's management. However, states are seriously restricted in their capacity to actualize their clinical use laws as a result of the government forbiddance of cannabis. America attempted liquor preclusion between 1919 what's more, 1931, yet found that the wrongdoing and viciousness related with forbiddance was more harming than the abhorrence looked to be restricted. With tobacco, America has learned in the course of the most recent decade that training is the best method to demoralize use. However, America neglects to apply these exercises to cannabis strategy. By determinedly characterizing all cannabis smoking as criminal, including what includes grown-ups smoking in the security of their own homes, we are squandering police and prosecutorial assets, stopping up courts, filling exorbitant and rare prison and jail space, what's more, unnecessarily destroying the lives and professions of truly productive members of society. Cannabis sanctioning offers a significant advantage over dec... Free Essays on Drugs BUSH'S DRUG VIDEOS BROKE LAW, ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE DECIDES WASHINGTON - The Government Accountability Office, an insightful arm of Congress, said on Thursday that the Bush organization damaged administrative law by creating and disseminating TV news sections about the impacts of medication use among youngsters. The responsibility office said the recordings comprise secretive purposeful publicity in light of the fact that the administration was not recognized as the wellspring of the materials, which were disseminated by the Office of National Drug Control Policy. They were communicated by almost 300 TV channels and arrived at 22 million family units, the workplace said. The responsibility office doesn't have law implementation powers, yet its choices on government spending are typically viewed as definitive. In May the workplace found that the Bush organization had disregarded a similar law by creating TV news sections that depicted the new Medicare law as a help to the older. The responsibility office was not condemning of the substance of the video sections from the White House tranquilize office, however found that the organization - a made-for-TV story bundle - disregarded the restriction on utilizing citizen cash for purposeful publicity. Agent Henry A. Waxman of California, the senior Democrat on the Government Reform Committee, who mentioned the audit, said the utilization of the false news sections broke a central guideline of open government. A representative for the medication strategy office said the audit's decisions made a mountain out of a molehill. The representative, Tom Riley, noticed that Congress had approved the medication approach office to mold antidrug messages in films and TV programming and on the Internet. His office quit appropriating the antidrug recordings after the G.A.O. report on the Medicare fragments, Mr. Riley stated, and never acted unlawfully. The medication approach office told examiners that it would have been hard for a rea... Free Essays on Drugs Medications AND THE EFFECT THEY HAVE ON OUR CHILDREN’S LIVES Criminal Justice Great wellbeing permits us to be solid, upbeat, keen and dexterous as we can be. The most exceedingly terrible thing about illicit medications is that they harm individuals from within. Our brains and bodies run like tweaked machines when we deal with ourselves. Specialists endorse meds (which are lawful medications) to mend our bodies when we are wiped out, yet perilous medications are not suggested by clinical experts. The biggest issue with utilization of illicit medications, just as cigarettes and liquor, is among our young grown-ups. Items like wine, lager, alcohol are extremely unsafe for our youngsters in light of the fact that their bodies and particularly their sensory system are as yet creating. It is expressed that cigarettes and liquor slaughter a bigger number of individuals than malignant growth and fender benders brought about by alcoholic drivers than every single other medication. Unlawful medications can cause cerebrum harm. These medications are â€Å"psychoactive,† which implies that they change our character and the manner in which we feel. While affected by these medications we are bound to jeopardize our life just as someone else’s. These illicit medications are addictive and they are exceptionally hard to stop. An addict’s body desires the medication and gets reliant upon it. The medication client may even get debilitated if the medication is ended and this is the reason such a significant number of individuals, kids and grown-ups, become a captive to these medications. In excess of 100,000 individuals kick the bucket each year on account of drinking. Kids are twice as likely as grown-ups to get associated with lethal alcoholic driving vehicle crashes. Half of all attacks against young ladies or ladies include liquor. Drinking is unlawful on the off chance that you are younger than 21 and could be captured for this wrongdoing. Nicotine is additionally exceptionally addictive. When we begin smoking it is extremely hard to stop and smoking cigarettes causes lung malignant growth and different illnesses. Insights demonstrate that tobacco and nicotine related maladies slaughter more than

Complete Guide to Holacracy Example of Zappos

Complete Guide to Holacracy Example of Zappos Most organizations you know follow a traditional hierarchical system. There’s someone at the top and the positions trickle down, creating this pyramid-like structure. If this image popped up in your head, it isn’t any wonder, as organizational structures have not changed much over the years. © Shutterstock.com | Honza HrubyHowever, there are alternative ideas and concepts out there looking to challenge this traditional approach. One of these concepts is called “holacracy.” In this guide, we’ll look at what holacracy is and explain the way it works and by the example of the company Zappos. We’ll examine the benefits of holacracy and the criticism it has faced. Finally, we’ll look at how holacracy could work together with the idea of the lean startup.WHAT IS HOLACRACY?The official holacracy website has a quote from Malcolm Gladwell’s ‘What the Dog Saw’, which states:“If everyone had to think outside the box, maybe it was the box that needed fixing.”Essentially, holacracy is about “fixing the box”, i.e. providing a new governance structure. The premise of the system is to answer the question “how do we organize an organization more efficiently?”Hence, holacracy is a system of organizational governance, which seeks to help organizations to distri bute authority more efficiently and to improve decision-making procedures. The goal is to improve management processes and support innovation within the organization.The term comes from the word “holarcy” (Arthur Koestler, “The Ghost in the Machine”). It has its origins in the Greek word ‘holons’, which means “whole” or “units that are autonomous.” The name ‘holacracy’ is actually a registered trademark of HolacracyOne LLC. Therefore, the use of the brand name for commercial purposes is strictly limited, although organizations are free to implement the holacracy model as they wish.The system has gained in popularity in countries such as Australia, Switzerland and the United States, but its not yet widely used. So far, mostly non-profit organizations have adopted holacracy as their governance system. However, some private companies such as Zappos, David Allen Company and Conscious Capitalism, have adopted holocracy as well.For an in-depth overview, you should watch the following Ted Talk by Brian Robertson:How did holacracy develop?The holacracy model started as an experiment of new organizational governance structures in the company Ternary Software in USA. The founder of the organization, Brian Robertson, put his best practices together and the holacracy model was born in 2007.In 2010, Robertson developed and published the Holacracy Constitution, which explains the underlying principles and practices of the structure. This is nowadays used as a guide by organizations trying to implement the system.Online shoe retailer Zappos implemented holacracy in 2013Zappos is an online shoe and clothing retailer in the US. The company was founded in 1999 and in 2009, Amazon announced it would acquire the company in an all-stock deal for around $1.2 billion. Nowadays, Zappos has around 1,500 employees.The online retailer adopted the holacracy governance model in 2013. The company began experimenting with the structure slowly. In mid-2014, around 10% of its employees were under the model. By the end of 2015, the company had implemented the system throughout its entire organization.John Bunch, who works at Zappos, told Mashable in 2014,“Kind of the broad overarching theme about why we’re adopting this is to try to scale agility.” Bunch continued, “The point we’re at as a company is we’ve gotten past where we can be like a small family and really adapt our business to real-time environments.”The experience of Zappos hasn’t been simply smooth sailing. The company’s CEO, Tony Hsieh, announced in 2015 that employees would either have to adjust to holacracy or leave the company, together with a hefty severance package. After the announcement, nearly 18% of employees had decided to quit.However, Hsieh argues the employee exodus shouldn’t be explained through a failure of the system. He told the TechInsider,“Anecdotally I would guess that about half of them, the reason they took the offer was because it actually h ad nothing to do with Holacracy or self-management. It was just because they really had wanted to go out and start their own business.”WHAT ARE THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF A HOLACRATIC SYSTEM?Holacracy includes a variety of elements to reorganize the governance structure of an organization. This section will look at the principles of a holacratic system through two lenses. First, we’ll use the company Zappos as an example to explain the elements. Secondly, we’ll also explain how these structures differ from a traditional hierarchy.1. Roles instead of job descriptionsPerhaps the striking difference between traditional governance structures and the holacracy model is evident in job descriptions. Whilst we are typically used to job titles such as vice president, manager and so forth, holacratic systems remove these altogether.Traditionally, specific titles and job descriptions provide each person working in the organization a specific set of tasks they need to accomplish. For insta nce, a job title ‘The Head of IT” might require the person to manage the IT department, respond to employee queries and report to the senior management.On the contrary, under the holacracy model, the organization focuses on roles. These roles come from the work within the organization; as they are not restricted to a single individual. Hence, instead of having a single job description, the employees can fill several roles within the holacratic organization. There’s also fluidity, as the roles of each person change depending on the required work.2. Circle structure instead of departmentsTraditional organizations are generally structured around a hierarchic model. You have someone above you in the organization who you report to and who assigns you tasks. However, holacracy removes this hierarchical structure in favor of a circle structure.This means that roles form a circle structure within the organization. For example, certain roles regarding the organizations finances might f orm a larger circle. However, there is hierarchical organization in the way the circles are laid out. Certain circles are ‘above’ others. Nonetheless, each circle has the ability to self-organize.The authority to decide about roles and to assign tasks lies within the circle, not a single person or a different part of the organization. Decisions within each circle are made in a democratic way, not dictated by one department head. Thats the most significant difference between a traditional department and a holacratic circle.Hsieh explained this structure is “about moving faster, being more responsive and adaptable, and enabling employees’ talents and passions to shine”. Each circle can gather around and adjust the roles and tasks without having to run everything through a hierarchical system.What does that look like in practice? If an employee at Zappos wants to change something, he doesnt have to approach his manager anymore and convince him to solve the problem. Instead, h e can ask the circle to assign him the authority to solve the problem himself. As a result, leadership is distributed throughout the whole organization, fostering innovation and improving efficiency.3. Rapid iterations replace big re-organizationsAnother element of holacracy is the way how it deals with re-organizations. Unlike in traditional organizations, where structural updates happen every few years, holacratic structures are updated in rapid iterations.The aim is to keep the organization up-to-date. Important changes occur frequently, and not always within the company. Modern day organizations are constantly changing because of changes in the technological and economic environment, and holacracy wants to ensure the structures are updated monthly to adjust to the latest changes.Part of this are the so-called “governance meetings” where people inside a circle can discuss how to organize roles and other processes. This sort of organizational rapid iteration is a key part of o perations at Zappos.4. Regular meetings to distribute roles and authorityHolacratic systems also implement a different type of governance process. In a traditional organization, authority belongs to certain people who then delegate authority further. While the authority is somewhat shared under these models, the ultimate decision-making power is centralized at the manager in-charge. In order to implement a new idea or to make a change, employees must always seek the approval of the manager higher in the hierarchy.Holacracy changes this and instead focuses on ‘integrative decision making’. People are able to self-organize and make adjustments without having to consult a superior. This allows the system to change fluidly and shifts responsibility and accountability to the individual.To accomplish this, there will be strategic, operational and governance meetings within each circle. During these meetings, employees come together and discuss strategic issues, current project and dis tribute and redistribute authorities within the circle.5. Transparency instead of office politics and constant relationship buildingTraditional organizations tend to have a clear set of procedures that are followed strictly and changes are often slow to come by. Employees are subject to “office politics,” which means that people with insider information and close relations get ahead, while other, potentially more qualified employees do not advance within the organization.Holacracy focuses on transparency and the operational needs of the organization. At Zappos, employees are free to make the decisions and have more authority to solve problems. The rules are laid out in the holacracy constitution and everyone has to follow these rules. There is no space for individual office deals, bypassing certain rules. The priority is that things get done.THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF HOLACRACYWhile Zappos has enjoyed some of the benefits of this organizational set-up, it hasn’t been without a few drawbacks. Holacracy has also received its fair share of criticism and the system has its limitations.The advantages â€" an learning organization that adjusts quickly to changing environmentsThe advocates of holacracy believe the system is essentially a better form of governance, which enables and motivates employees to participate in decision-making and to be more innovative. When Zappos introduced holacracy, they also found the system to benefit the organizations work culture.Whilst it’s easy to think holacracy doesn’t have a hierarchical structure and is therefore chaotic, Zappos found the opposite to be true. Hsieh said in an Inc. interview,“There actually is more structure in some cases and more explicit documentation on what people’s different roles are, what their accountabilities are.”Therefore, the holacratic model can provide organizations with more transparency and accountability. Because the rules in the Holacracy Constitution 4.0 are laid out in detail, and everyone in the organization is supposed to read these, there is no room for murky office deals and politics. Everyone knows how the organization operates and the rules are the same for everyone.Furthermore, as the layers of bureaucracy and traditional top-down structures are removed, the organizations employees have the chance to work more efficiently. Since you aren’t required to run all of the decision through someone else, the chances are higher that things get done.In the traditional system, if you found a problem in a specific area, you’d have to first identify the responsible manager. Then they’d probably need to run the issue with other managers at higher hierarchical levels, which needs time. On the contrary, under holacracy, if the circle is in charge of the issue, it doesn’t necessarily matter who solves the problem and its easier to distribute the authority needed to solve problems.Naturally, this sort of agility breeds and encourages innovation. Hsie h writes in Zappos Insights,“When companies get bigger, innovation or productivity per employee generally goes down”.In order to solve this issue, the company uses holacracy.“Holacracy…enables employees to act more like entrepreneurs and self-direct their work instead of reporting to a manager who tells them what to do,” he concludes.The disadvantages / criticism â€" the big picture gets lost and not enough focus on customersHolacracy has also faced criticism and there are certain drawbacks to the system. The most obvious flaw critics point out to is the ‘loss of the big picture’. Since there’s no deep-seated hierarchical structure, the individual circles can become too focused on their own tasks. Therefore, the ‘big picture’ is lost, as the focus is on getting smaller processes to perform smoother.The Economist pointed out in an article how past experiments with democratic structures have not always provided suitable results. While the article acknowledged the s ystem could work in smaller companies such as Zappos, larger firms probably would not benefit from these fluid structures.The system has also faced criticism in terms of its approach on the customer. The Holacracy Constitution has explicit feedback mechanisms, but these are only vertical within the institution, i.e. employees are able to provide better feedback. However, the Constitution doesn’t provide much information on customer feedback.SYNERGY EFFECTS OF HOLACRACY AND LEAN STARTUP: A “LEAN LEARNING ORGANIZATION”The holacracy model is often discussed in connection with the lean startup idea, as the two models have many synergies and could offer a viable organizational structure for companies.The lean startup model was developed by entrepreneur Eric Reis. It’s focused on ensuring that a new startup learns about its market as quickly as possible without using many resources in the process. The ideal process would look something like this:Have an idea for a new product - id entify the riskiest assumptions about the market - build a ‘minimum viable product’ to test these assumptions - release the ‘minimum viable product’ - measure user interaction to learn whether assumptions were valid - use the data to improve or change the product - run the process again and againZappos story follows the lean startup model rather well. It started out with the hypothesis that people would buy shoes online. Hence, Zappos opened a rudimentary website to provide shoes online, which customers slowly started using. As the user base grew further, the company began measuring the traffic and monitoring their preferences in order to improve the website.The lean startup theory focuses on operational procedures, while holacracy focuses on a governance structure. However, both systems fit together and could form a “lean learning organization,” providing answers to the above criticism that holacracy doesnt include the customer. As lean startup models are quite focused on using customer experience at the centre of product development, this would make up for the lack of customer focus in holacracy.Overall, holacracy and lean startups provide a suitable match because:Lean startups focus on operations, whilst holacracy emphasizes governance. A business which uses both approaches would answer the questions: “What product to sell?” and “How do we organize?”Both systems aim at an efficient, flexible and fast learning organization. Lean startup models focus on gathering data to improve learning, whilst holacracy ensures decision-making is swift and based on operations.Both systems use fast iteration cycles. You don’t spend too much time to make decisions or to test products and governance structures, but you adapt to situations as fast as possible.Both systems are created for high uncertainty.Both systems use data immediately when it’s available.Holacracy is definitely a new way of thinking about organizational structure and management. While it might not benefit certain companies, it could be an innovative and efficient way to model a new startup. In combination with the lean startup theory, this could completely change the way how many startups operate.